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Robert Bates (loyalist)
Robert William Bates (nicknamed "Basher") (12 December 1948 – 11 June 1997) was an Ulster loyalist from Belfast, Northern Ireland. He was a member of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and the infamous Shankill Butchers gang, led by Lenny Murphy.〔("From killer to victim: Basher's death sums up the futility of the Troubles" ) ''The Independent'', 12 June 1997, retrieved 26 September 2009〕
==Shankill Butchers==
(詳細はUlster Protestant family and grew up in the Shankill Road area of Belfast. He had a criminal record dating back to 1966,〔Martin Dillon, ''The Shankill Butchers: the real story of cold-blooded mass murder'', p.10〕 and later became a member of the Ulster loyalist paramilitary organisation, the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF). Bates, employed as a barman at the Long Bar, was recruited into the Shankill Butchers gang in 1975 by its notorious ringleader, Lenny Murphy. The gang used The Brown Bear pub as its headquarters, a Shankill Road drinking haunt frequented by the UVF. Bates, a "sergeant" in the gang's hierarchy, was an avid participant in the brutal torture and savage killings perpetrated against innocent Catholics after they were abducted from nationalist streets and driven away in a black taxi owned by fellow Shankill Butcher, William Moore. The killings typically involved grisly-throat slashings preceded by lengthy beatings and torture. Bates was said to have been personally responsible for beating James Moorhead, a member of the Ulster Defence Association, to death on 30 January 1977 and to have played a central role in the kidnapping and murder of Catholic Joseph Morrisey three days later.〔Cusack & McDonald, p. 181〕 He also killed Thomas Quinn, a derelict, on 8 February 1976 and the following day was involved in shooting dead Archibald Hanna and Raymond Carlisle, two Protestant workmen that Bates and Murphy mistook for Catholics.〔
Martin Dillon revealed that Bates was also one of the four UVF gunmen who carried out a mass shooting attack on the Chlorane Bar in Belfast city centre on 5 June 1976. Five people (three Catholics and two Protestants) were shot dead. The UVF unit had burst into the pub in Gresham Street and ordered the Catholics and Protestants to line up on opposite ends of the bar before they opened fire. He later recounted his role in the attack to police; however, he had claimed that he never fired any shots due to his revolver having malfunctioned. Forensics evidence contradicted him as it proved that his revolver had been fired inside the Chlorane Bar that night.〔Dillon, pp.125-135〕 Lenny Murphy was in police custody at the time the shooting attack against the Chlorane Bar took place.
Bates was arrested in 1977, along with Moore and other "Shankill Butcher" accomplices.〔Taylor, p.154〕 His arrest followed a sustained attack by Moore and Sam McAllister on Catholic Gerard McLaverty after which they dumped his body, presuming him dead. However McLaverty survived and identified Moore and McAllister to the Royal Ulster Constabulary who drove him up and down the Shankill Road during a loyalist parade until he saw his attackers. During questioning both men implicated Bates, and other gang members, leading to their arrests.〔Cusack & McDonald, p. 181-183〕 Following a long period spent on remand, he was convicted in February 1979 of murder related to the Shankill Butcher killings and given ten life sentences, with a recommendation by the trial judge, Mr Justice O'Donnell, that he should never be released.〔
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